Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Research Articles

Investigations of fatigue crack growth rate behaviour and life prediction of Si3N4/TiB2 reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites

Many engineering structures and components experience complex fatigue loading throughout their operational lifespan. Economically, it is crucial to forecast the remaining lifespan to prevent catastrophic failure by implementing appropriate inspection schedules. The aim of present work is to investigate the fatigue, and fracture performances of AA7075 alloy-based hybrid MMCs containing Si3N4/TiB2 reinforcement. The composite samples are made by a liquid-state stir-casting process. The study examines the fatigue characteristics of manufactured Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs) by analyzing fatigue crack propagation and fracture toughness under constant amplitude loading with a uniform load ratio of 0.1. The potential influence of reinforcement particles on the fatigue durability of HMMCs was predicted through the application of an 'Exponential Model'. A comparison between the model's performance and experimental findings was carried out. The study suggests that the exponential model accurately predicts fatigue life, showing a maximum percentage deviation of −4.96 %, in close agreement with experimental findings. The fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) and crack opening displacement (COD) of HMMC indicate that the fatigue life and fracture toughness improve with increase in TiB2 content, up to 6 wt%. The fabricated HMMC with 4wt% Si3N4 and 6 wt% TiB2 particulates demonstrated the highest resistance to fracture and longest fatigue life among others HMMCs and base alloy.

Advances in hybrid aluminium metal matrix composite produced by stir casting route: A review on applications and fabrication characteristics

The sustained demand for lightweight parts, superior strength, and high-efficiency products has made material researchers interested to study and explore new materials with superior properties. One of the most promising materials for meeting this demand is aluminium metal matrix composite. Due to its tailored properties, the usage of composite is currently increasing in the automotive, aerospace, marine, electronic, defence, domestic, and sports sectors. Simplicity, affordability, and bulk production in the stir casting method have attracted the attention of many researchers across the globe. This paper reviews the need for hybrid aluminium metal matrix composites, various aluminium alloys, and reinforcement materials produced by the stir casting technique. In addition, the applications, morphological, mechanical, and tribological behavior of aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites are discussed. This review will assist materials researchers in selecting the matrix and reinforcements for a specific application of aluminium matrix composites using the stir casting route.

Investigation on mechanical behavior of Al6061- coconut shell ash- granite dust reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites manufactured using stir casting technique

Owing to the superior qualities, aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC) have recently been accepted and suggested as a replacement for traditional materials in a variety of sectors, including automotive, agriculture, aerospace, sports, marine, and many more. To satisfy the industrial requirement, it is necessary to develop economical material with higher mechanical properties like strength, hardness, impact resistance etc. To minimise the environmental impact and depletion of natural resources , it is necessary to Reduce, Recycle and Resuse the solid waste created across the world. This work aims to study the mechanical behavior of hybrid composite of Al6061 reinforced with coconut shell ash (CSA) and granite dust solid waste. Hybrid composite specimens were successfully manufactured using stir casting method. The proportion of granite dust was kept constant at 2 wt percent, whereas the percentage of CSA varied, ranging from 0% to 12% with a multiple of 3. Tests for tension, compression, hardness, and impact were performed to examine the mechanical behavior of the created hybrid composites. SEM & EDAX analysis were carried out to study the microstructure and elemental composition of the hybrid composites. Experimental testing shows that, when the percentage of CSA in the hybrid composite increased, its tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness, and impact strength increased maximum upto 23.65%, 10.12%, 60.89% and 17.38% respectively as compared to base alloy. The experimental findings demonstrated that when compared to matrix and other hybrid composites, the Al6061 alloy reinforced with 2% granite dust and 12% CSA hybrid composite had superior mechanical properties.

Nano-Sized Al2O3-Gr Reinforced Al7075 Hybrid Composite: Impact of Cooling Agents on Mechanical, Wear, and Fracture Behavior.

Aluminum metal cast composites (AMCCs) are frequently used in high-tech sectors such as automobiles, aerospace, biomedical, electronics, and others to fabricate precise and especially responsible parts. The mechanical and wear behavior of the metal matrix composites (MMCs) is anticipated to be influenced by the cooling agent's action and the cooling temperature. This research paper presents the findings of a series of tests to investigate the mechanical, wear, and fracture behavior of hybrid MMCs made of Al7075 reinforced by varying wt % of nano-sized Al2O3 and Gr and quenched with water and ice cubes. The heat-treated Al7075 alloy hybrid composites were evaluated for their hardness, tensile, and wear behavior, showcasing a significant process innovation. The heat treatment process greatly improved the hybrid composites' mechanical and wear performance. The samples quenched in ice attained the highest hardness of 119 VHN. There is a 45.37% improvement in the hardness of base alloy with the addition of 3% of Al2O3 and 1% of graphite particles. Further, the highest tensile and compression strengths were found in the ice-quenched 3% Al2O3 and 1% graphite hybrid composites with improvements of 34.2 and 48.83%, respectively, compared to the water-quenched base alloy. Under the samples quenched in ice, the mechanical and wear behavior improved. The tensile fractured surface showed voids, particle pullouts, and dimples. The worn-out surface of wear test samples of the created hybrid composite had micro pits, delamination layers, and microcracks.

Effect of B4C Particles on CTE and Thermal Conductivity of Al2214/3Grp/xB4Cp Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

Effect of B4C Particles on CTE and Thermal Conductivity of Al2214/3Grp/xB4Cp Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

Nano reinforced aluminium based Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites - an overview

Aluminium and its alloys find their application in aerospace, automobile, and marine sectors as it costs less and properties like low density, good ductility, high resistance to corrosion etc. However, aluminium has many drawbacks like low resistance to abrasion and wear, poor strength etc. These drawbacks can be overcome by adding certain materials as reinforcement into pure aluminium and its alloy. Hybrid reinforcement imbibes superior properties to Al matrix composites, compared along with single reinforced Al composites. The properties of Al matrix composite is enhanced by reinforcing with nano particles compared to micro reinforcement. In recent years, research advancement is focusing on fabrication of composites prepared by nano reinforcement materials. Various nano materials are used to fabricate aluminium/alloy matrix composites for improved abrasion, enhanced wear properties, high specific strength, better corrosion resistance etc. This review paper gives an overview of various processing techniques, different nano reinforcements used for fabrication of aluminium and its alloy matrix. Further, Hybrid Nano composite properties along with their types, concentration of reinforcement and microstructure of the composite fabricated are discussed. Finally, Future trends and potential applications of aluminium based nano composites are presented and have been concluded with recent advancements in the specified area.

Machining behavior of Al7075-B4C-MoS2 composites with different flushing medium

ABSTRACT Using hydrocarbon oils as a flushing medium causes lots of issues to machinists such as cancer. In this study, the behavior of green flushing medium (SF biodiesel and deionized water) during µED milling of hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMC) under various parametric settings of reinforcement wt%, capacitance and feed rate is analyzed. Metal erosion rate (MER) decreases with rise in capacitance due to longer interval between sparks. Higher MER is attained with lower order wt % reinforcement whereas the surface roughness increases increment in wt % reinforcement. S vk and Sk rise exponentially with increase in capacitance for considered green flushing medium. Kerosene offered higher MER compared to deionized water and Sunflower BD at considered machining condition. RLT appears to be more with DI water compared Sunflower BD due to deposition of debris on the surface. S vk and Sk is found be minimum with SF biodiesel at considered parametric settings.

A Detailed Study on using Novel LM 25 Aluminium Alloy Hybrid Metal Matrix Nanocomposite for Nuclear Applications.

This article describes the use of graphite(Gr) and boron carbide (B4C) as multiple nanoparticle reinforcements in LM25 aluminum alloy. Because boron carbide naturally absorbs neutron radiation, aluminium alloy reinforced with boron carbide metal matrix composite has gained interest in nuclear shielding applications. The primary goal of the endeavor is to create composite materials with high wear resistance, high microhardness, and high ultimate tensile strength for use in nuclear applications. Science and Technology have brought a vast change to human life. The human burden has been minimized by the use of innovation in developing new and innovative technologies. To improve the quality of human life, fresh, lightweight, and creative materials are being used, which play a vital role in science and technology and reduce the human workload. Composite materials made of metal are being used because they are lightweight. Neutron absorption, high ultimate strength, high wear resistance, high microhardness, high thermal and electrical conductivity, high vacuum environmental resistance, and low coefficient of thermal expansion under static and dynamic conditions are all demands for the hybrid metal matrix composites utilized in nuclear applications. • Stir casting is used to create the novel LM 25 aluminum alloy/graphite and boron carbide hybrid nanocomposites. • The mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, percentage of elongation, microhardness, and wear behavior are calculated. • Three analyses are performed: microstructure, worn surface analysis, and fracture analysis of the tensile specimen. • Stir casting process< • Tensile, Hardness, Wear Test • Materials Characterization - FESEM, Optical Microscopy, EDS< Results: The mechanical properties values are 308.76 MPa, 293.51 MPa, 7.8, 169.2 VHN, and 0.01854mm3/m intended for ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, percentage of elongation, microhardness, and wear behavior, respectively. This implies that the synthesized composite may be used in nuclear applications successfully. The subsequent explanation was drawn from this investigative work: • The LM 25/B4C/Gr hybrid nanocomposite was successfully manufactured by employing the stir casting technique. For nuclear shielding applications, these composites were prepared with three different weight percentages of nanoparticle reinforcements in 2,4,6% Boron carbide and constant 4 wt.% graphite. • The microhardness values of the three-hybrid nanocomposite fabricated castings were determined to be 143.4VHN, 156.7VHN, and 169.2VHN, respectively. • The hybrid nano composite's microstructure revealed that the underlying LM 25 aluminum alloy matrix's finegrained, evenly dispersed nanoparticles of graphite and boron carbide were present.<br></br> • The microtensile test was carried out and it was found that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and percentage of elongation values are 281.35MPa, 296.52MPa, 308.76MPa, 269.43, 274.69, 293.51 and 3.4, 5.7, 7.8 respectively.<br></br> • Deformation caused the hybrid LM 25/B4C/Gr nanocomposite to fracture in ductile mode. Dimples and cavities are seen in the fracture because of the nanoparticle reinforcements and the matrix's tight connection.<br></br> • The wear loss of nanocomposite based on the input parameter applied load, sliding velocity and sliding distance values are 0.02456, 0.02189, 0.01854, 0.02892, 0.02586, 0.02315 and 0.02682, 0.02254, 0.02015 mm3/m, respectively.<br></br> • The LM 25 alloy's elemental analysis displays the aluminum alloy phase as the largest peak and the remaining elements as smaller peaks; also, the spectral analysis reveals the presence of boron (B), graphite (C), silicon, and ferrous in the aluminum alloy LM 25.<br></br> • Through worn surface FESEM investigation, it was shown that under sliding and high load situations, debris, delamination, and groove develop. Further rupture, fine, and continuous grooves were seen when low stress and sliding circumstances were applied to the LM 25/B4C/Gr and stir cast specimen. This result implies the presence of mild adhesive and delamination wear processes.</P>.

Optimization and modelling of WCEDM process parameters for GZR-AA7475 HMMC using GRA and Taguchi approach

Purpose This study aims to investigate the optimal process parameters of the wire-cut electrical discharge machining (WCEDM) for the machining of the GZR-AA7475 hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC). HMMCs are prepared with 2 Wt.% graphite and 4 Wt.% zirconium dioxide reinforced with aluminium alloy 7475 (GZR-AA7475) composite by using the stir casting method. The objective is to enhance the mechanical properties of the material while preserving its unique features. WCEDM with a 0.18 mm molybdenum wire electrode is used for machining the composite. Design/methodology/approach To conduct experimental studies, a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was adopted. Input variables such as peak current (Ip), pulse-on-time (TON) and flushing pressure (PF) were used. The effect of process parameters on the output responses, such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness rate (SRR) and wire wear ratio (WWR), were investigated. The grey relational analysis (GRA) is used to obtain the optimal combination of the process parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to identify the significant process parameters affecting the output responses. Findings Results from the current study concluded that the optimal condition for grey relational grade is obtained at TON = 105 µs, Ip = 100 A and PF = 90 kg/cm2. Peak current is the most prominent parameter influencing the MRR, whereas SRR and WRR are highly influenced by flushing pressure. Originality/value Identifying the optimal process parameters in WCEDM for machining of GZR-AA7475 HMMC. ANOVA and GRA are used to obtain the optimal combination of the process parameters.

Optimizing CO2 laser beam welding parameters for magnesium hybrid metal matrix composites (ZE41A)

ABSTRACT The current work is the investigation of optimizing input welding parameters of CO2 laser welding of two stir squeeze casted magnesium (ZE41A) matrix silicon nitride and alumina-reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs). Two similar hybrid MMC plates were joined by the CO2 laser beam welding process and were investigated for input welding parameters influencing the metallurgical and mechanical properties. The identified parameters were subjected to optimization by Box-Behnken experimental design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the experimental trials were validated by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). With increases of 16% and 23%, the microhardness and tensile strength peaked at 207 MPa and 78 HV, respectively. The ideal input welding settings were 3500W of laser power, 4 mm/minute welding speed, and a focus length of 1.5 mm.

Significance of addition of carbon nanotubes and fly ash on the wear and frictional performance of aluminum metal matrix composites

AbstractIn order to improve the wear and frictional behavior of the aluminum metal matrix composites, carbon nanotube, and fly ash were added as reinforcements. Powder metallurgy technique was used to fabricate the hybrid metal matrix composites. Experimentations were carried out using pin on disc type wear test rig. The analyzed experimental results showed that, in comparison to the pure aluminum and mono reinforcement combination, the wear loss and coefficient of friction of hybrid metal matrix composites were greatly reduced. It was noted that compared to pure aluminum wear loss was decreased to 89.58%, 86.97%, 83.3% by adding 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 wt% carbon nanotube (CNT), respectively. By the addition of 4, 8 and 16 wt% FA to pure Al wear loss was decreased to 83.85%, 89.58%, and 78.12%, respectively. It was also noted that compared to Al/8 wt% FA mono reinforced composites, wear loss was decreased to 77%, 71.26%, and 53.22% with the addition of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 wt% CNT, respectively. With the addition of 4, 8, 16 wt% FA, wear loss decreased to 81%, 88%, and 75% over Al/0.25 wt% CNT composites, respectively. The microstructural study of the worn‐out surfaces revealed low abrasive and adhesive wear by the presence of carbon nanotubes and fly ash in aluminum metal matrix. The reinforcing mechanisms of the wear and frictional properties were also discussed.

Empirical investigation on controlled porosity level and dry sliding wear behavior of Al7075-(T6) doped with SiC+MoS2 based hybrid composites via advanced vacuum-assisted stir casting

This paper investigated Al-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) comprised of Al7075-(T6) base metal matrix doped with SiC+MoS2 reinforced particles for high-strength, lightweight, and wear-resistant applications. Taguchi’s design of L9 orthogonal array (OA) with three process variables having different levels (such as SiC particle (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 wt.%), MoS2 particle (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 wt.%), and stirring speed (580, 600, and 620 rpm)) has been selected for fabrication of Al-based HMMCs via an advanced vacuum-assisted stir casting route. The controlled porosity level and dry sliding wear behavior (i.e. wear loss) of fabricated hybrid composites at an ambient temperature of 35°C have been conducted. Besides, metallographic evaluation was inspected through optical microscopy, high-resolution FESEM, and SEM-EDS techniques. Furthermore, experimental outcomes obtained from Taguchi’s design of experimentation were optimized by analysis of variance (ANOVA); and also validated through an artificial neural network (ANN) modeling with a network topology of 3-10-2. The results concluded that a homogeneous dispersion of reinforced particles over the base metal matrix (with controlled both abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms of worn surfaces). Moreover, a significant reduction in porosity level (up to 29.41%) and wear loss (up to 4.94%) of the proposed hybrid specimen (S4) as compared with an unreinforced specimen (S0). In addition, the predicted values obtained from the ANN model were confirmed in close proximity to Taguchi’s experimental outcomes (with less percentage error), which in turn certified the authentication of the constructed ANN model for the Al-based HMMCs.

Synergistic effect of different high-performance fibers on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of novel hybrid metal matrix composites produced via friction stir processing for automotive applications

The present study aims to produce novel hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC’s) material using a mixture of reinforcement (basalt, E-glass, and carbon fibers) in long, chopped, and flakes form via Friction Stir Processing (FSP) techniques. Subsequently, the effect of hybrid reinforcement on microstructural evolutions, mechanical performance, and the fracture mechanism of HMMC’s was investigated. The results demonstrated that hybrid reinforcement synergistically enhanced the tensile, flexural, and impact performance of FSPed HMMC’s compared to monolithic composites (non-hybrid) and received base metal (BM). The long fiber-reinforced hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (HL) show a ~156% increment in tensile strength and ~196% increment in impact strength, while flakes-reinforced hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (HF) show a ~101% increment in flexural strength compared to the BM. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis demonstrated a homogeneous dispersion of reinforcement and an excellent interfacial bonding of fibers with the aluminum matrix in the fabricated composites. The validation of element distribution and composition within the composites was confirmed using FESEM elemental mapping and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum.

Preparation and investigation of mechanical behavior and characterization of AA7475/ZrO2/Gr hybrid MMC

In this study, the influence of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and graphite (Gr) on the mechanical behavior and characterization of Hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) is investigated. By using the stir casting method, the samples are prepared with aluminum alloy (AA7475) as matrix and 2, 3, and 4 weight percentages (wt%) of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and graphite (Gr) as reinforcements. The synthesized composites were subjected to microstructural, density, porosity, yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and hardness were examined. Microstructural characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD pattern indicated the presence of the ZrO2 and Gr phases in HMM composites. By conducting a corrosion resistance test, the rate of corrosion for the HMMCs was determined. Furthermore, the Tafel plot curve was employed to probe the level of corrosion resistance. With an increase in ZrO2 the corrosion resistance increases whereas decline in ductility is noted. The HMMCs 3 sample exhibit superior physical and mechanical properties when compared to other HMMCs and base matrix. Tensile fractography was carried out to determine the various fracture mechanisms.

The effect of reinforcement particles weight percentage on the mechanical properties and plastic flow behaviour of aluminum alloy 7075 matrix material

AbstractIn the present investigation, an aluminum 7075 based hybrid metal matrix composite has been prepared by utilizing the primary reinforcement element (boron carbide with 9 %, 7 %, 5 %, 3 %, and 1 % weight percentage) and secondary reinforcement particles (silicon carbide with 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 9 % weight percentage) through the well‐known stir‐casting method. Further, the tensile, hardness and Charpy impact tests were performed on the prepared composite material for mechanical properties evaluation. In addition, an attempt has also been performed to analyze the effect of reinforcement weight percentages (primary and secondary) on the strength coefficient, strain hardening rate and strain hardening exponent of the prepared composite material compositions. The results revealed that sample 1 (aluminum 7075/9 weight percentage boron carbide/1 weight percentage silicon carbide) exhibited the maximum 14.12 percent, 14.25 percent and 19.56 percentage increase in hardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength respectively than the matrix material. The strain hardening exponent has been increased with the increase in the weight percentage of silicon carbide. Further, the value of the strength coefficient was decreased with the increase in the weight percentage of boron carbide particles. In addition, stage III hardening was associated with the all developed composite material compositions.

Microstructure, mechanical characterisation and fractography of Al2214/3%Grp/x%B4Cp hybrid metal matrix composites

ABSTRACT This experimental investigation reports the impact of boron carbide (B4Cp) particles on Al2214/3%Grp/xB4Cp hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) at a constant weight percentage of Grp (3 wt.%) and x wt.% of B4Cp particles (x = 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6) produced by a conventional stir casting metallurgical route with bottom pouring facilities. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) shows reasonable uniform distributions of particles in the matrix phase, and a spectrum of elements present in hybrid composites with various intensities. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed for the phase characterisation of hybrid composites. Further, the mechanical properties of Al2214 alloy and Al2214/3%Grp/xB4Cp hybrid composites were studied. The experimental results of the hybrid composite revealed improved hardness and tensile properties with the addition of wt.% B4C particles. The tensile fractured surface (SEM) micrographs revealed the root causes and mechanisms of failures in hybrid composites.

Experimental investigation of productivity and surface integrity features in trim cut WEDM operation of hybrid metal matrix composite

Present study is focused on optimization of WEDM process parameters for increased productivity and improved surface quality of the machined surface of hybrid composite [Al6061 (90 %), SiC (2.5 %) and TiB2 (7.5 %)] by utilizing the trim cut strategy. Effects of four factors namely, pulse on time (Ton), peak current (Ip), wire offset (WO) and rough-cut history (RCH) have been investigated on response characteristics namely, material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR) and Recast layer (RL) thickness; using Box-Behnken design (BBD) for the experimentation. Three levels of RCH i.e., high, medium and low have been included to investigate the effectiveness of trim cut strategy for dealing with rough-cut surface under varied conditions. The optimized parametric setting has been obtained for multiple responses using desirability function. RCH is found to be most significant factor for MRR, while pulse on time (Ton) is found most significant for SR and RL. WO has been found to play an important role in controlling the thickness of RL. It is observed that after trim cut, surface roughness is improved for experiments conducted under high and medium levels of RCH. However, almost no improvement in SR is obtained for low level of RCH. Trim cut strategy is also found to be effective in reducing the thickness of recast layer, however, it is noticed that the percentage reduction in recast layer thickness for samples machined under high level RCH is greater than that for the other two levels of RCH.

Phase, Microstructure and Tensile Strength of Ultrasonically Stir Casted Al6061-TiC-Graphite Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

This study investigates the microstructural and mechanical behavior of Al6061-TiC-Graphite hybrid metal matrix composites fabricated by the ultrasonically stir casting process. The effects of TiC and graphite on the phase, microstructure, hardness, and tensile strength of the composites are evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques were used to investigate the microstructure and phase composition of the composites. The results show that the addition of TiC and graphite improves the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites. The maximum hardness and tensile strength were obtained for the composite with 2[Formula: see text]wt.% TiC and 1[Formula: see text]wt.% graphite. The study provides insight into the development of advanced metal matrix composites with improved mechanical properties for potential use in various industrial applications.

Taguchi optimized wear and self-lubricating properties of Al-alloy composite reinforced with hybrid B4C–MoS2 particulates

We investigated self-lubricating Al–Mg–Si hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) embedded with MoS2–B4C particulates, for use in automotive engine components. Composites with different B4C content (x = 3.5, 7.0, 10.5, 14.0, and 17 wt%) were prepared, with the MoS2 content of 3.0 wt%. The metal matrix composites were processed using the powder metallurgy route comprising milling for 2 h and cold pressing and consolidation at a sintering temperature of 560 °C. Their dry sliding wear behavior was examined at applied loads (20–50 N) and sliding distances (1–3 km), and the wear variables were optimized using the Taguchi model (L9). Microstructural analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. A homogeneous particle distribution was observed in the HMMCs, without any appreciable instance of agglomerates. The wear resistance and friction coefficient (COF) improved when MoS2 was incorporated into the HMMCs, compared with a matrix alloy under the same operating conditions. In particular, the COF fluctuated up to a sliding distance of 250 m and was constant for larger values. The wear rate depends on not only the maximum hardness but also the appreciation of self-lubricant MoS2. The Taguchi findings showed that the fraction of hybrid reinforcement had the strongest effect on the wear resistance, and it was followed by the applied load, sliding distance, and track diameter. Apart from providing self-lubrication, the MoS2 particles reduced the wear rate.

Exploration of the mechanical characteristics of al7075 metal matrix composite enhanced with fe3o4 and pksa

This research primarily focuses on Aluminum hybrid compounds that have extensive applications throughout every realm of manufacturing. Hybrid metal Matrix Composites possess greatly improved physical properties and find extensive utilization across several sectors, including vehicle components and even aviation. The investigation entails using aluminum (Al-7075) as the foundational component and then incorporating iron oxide and PKSA in weight ratios of 3%, 6%, and 9% to fabricate a strengthened Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite. A manufacturing stir-casting technique is being utilized for the fabrication of such compounds. Stirred molding technology is selected because of its advantages, including a very straightforward manufacturing process, cost efficiency, and reliable distribution of reinforcement particles. The inclusion of overall reinforcement grain Fe3O4/PKSA is essential to defining technical composite qualities. The current examination indicated enhancements in physical properties, including elasticity, compression, as well as toughness strength. A longitudinal value at a 9% wt. strengthened Fe3O4/PKSA is found to be the highest at 342 MPa, while the yield strength is measured at 248 MPa, as equated to a standard Al-7075 alloy. Furthermore, the recently manufactured Al-7075/ Fe3O4/PKSA HMMC were subjected to microstructural examinations using SEM and EDS methodologies. The investigations demonstrated a uniform and homogeneous dispersion of Fe3O4/PKSA reinforcement particulates inside the mixture matrix.